每當生活中各式各樣的產品壞掉時,我們是否總是在查詢維修費用後,心想:「維修費這麼高,不如買一台新的吧?」我們的社會充滿這種「用過即丟」的思維,主因便是這些產品在製造過程中並未考慮到物品損壞後的處理方式;甚至,許多公司是鼓勵消費者拋棄舊商品的!
動畫中,成堆的廢棄物佈滿了青翠的草地;而在真實世界中,我們隨手丟棄、未能回收的廢棄物,往往就流向大海,汙染著海洋生物及沙灘;即便是送入焚化爐的垃圾也未從這地球上消失,它們將空氣沾染上有毒氣體、許多沙灘也散佈著未妥善處理的爐渣灰。我們思考的是,有沒有辦法在生產過程中,就將物品損壞的處理方式納入設計呢?
(照片來自:《我徒步!邀大家一起守護海洋》 | 攝於:2012.11.04北海岸石洞以北海岸)
今天介紹的 TED-Ed 動畫中,作者 Joe Iles 向我們提出的想法,就是希望越來越多的企業與工廠將物品製成可拆解的樣式,使得物品損壞時,消費者能夠更換損壞的零件即可。而在選用材料、包裝、運送的過程中,也將永續發展納入考量。另一方面,身為消費者的我們也可以試著改變我們對於「所有權」的思維!
先前為大家介紹的《十場呼籲大眾重視環保的演講》 中,我們介紹了Jason Clay:知名品牌如幫助拯救生物多樣性這場演講,同樣也呼籲著更多的企業改變舊思維、將生態納入產品的生產過程!如同影片末尾所說的:「我們有個絕佳的機會展開新的視野、而非被眼前的沮喪給困住。擁有創意和創新思維的我們,確實能重新思考並重新設計我們的未來!」
註:
由於TED-Ed官方還在進行網站與影片的中文化,目前尚未開放有中文字幕的TED-Ed影片。如果對完整中文稿有興趣,以下是我們為您準備的影片中英對照稿,敬請參考:
Living systems have been around for a few billion years and will be around for many more. In the living world, there’s no landfill; instead, materials flow. One specie’s waste is another’s food, energy is provided by the sun, things grow and die, and nutrients return to the soil safely. And it grows.
生態系統已經存在在世上數萬億年,且會繼續存在下去。自然生態中沒有掩埋場,物質源源不絕的循環:一個物種的廢棄物是另一個物種的糧食、太陽提供能量、而養份在經歷生長及死亡後,安全的回歸土壤;萬物生生不息。
yet, as human, we’ve adopted a linear approach. we take, we make, and we dispose. a new phone comes out, so we ditched the old one. a washing machine packs up, so we buy another. each time we do these, we are eating into a finite supply of resources and often producing toxic waste. it simply can’t work long-term. So, what can?
而人類發展出了另一套線性發展:我們攫取、製造、然後丟棄。新的手機問世後我們便拋棄舊的;洗衣機壞了,我們就買台新的。每次我們這麼做的同時,我們便在逐漸消耗我們有限的資源,並且製造出有毒廢棄物。這樣的發展模式實在不是長久之計。那麼,什麼樣的模式才能長久維持下去呢?
If we accept that the living world’s cyclical model works, can we change our way of thinking, so that we, too, operate a circular economy? Let’s start with a biological cycle. How can our waste build capital rather than reduce it? By re-thinking and re-designing products and components and the packaging they come in. We can create safe and compostable materials that help grow more stuff. As they say in the movies: “no resources have been lost in the making of this material.”
如果我們都同意,自然生態中的循環模式是能夠永續的,我們是否能改變我們的想法,創造一個循環式的經濟?讓我們看看自然循環怎麼運作吧!我們製造的廢棄物如何才能創造、而不是消耗經濟效益?藉由重新思考、重新設計產品和它們的包裝!我們能製造安全且有機的材料,創造更多產品!就像電影中說的那樣:「製造這些產品的過程中完全沒有資源被浪費。」
So what about the washing machine, mobile phones, fridges? we know they don’t buy a degrade. Here, we’re talking about another sort of re-think; a way to cycle valuable metals, polymers, and alloys, so they maintain their quality and continue to be useful beyond the shelf life of individual products.
那麼,那些壞掉的洗衣機、手機、和冰箱怎麼辦呢?我們都知道壞掉的東西無法販售,那麼何不轉換思維,思考如何回收其中的貴重金屬、合成務、和合金,讓這些生活用品能夠在過了保質期後,品質和功能不減?
What if the good today become the resources tomorrow? It makes commercial sense. Instead of a throw-away-and-replace culture we have used to, we adopted a return and renew one, with products and components are designed to be disassembled and regenerated.
One solution maybe to rethink the way we view ownership. What if we never actually own our technologies, we simply license them from the manufacturers?
如果今日的商品能夠成為明日的資源,不是很合乎商業邏輯嗎?拋開我們所習慣的「用過即丟文化」,我們選擇一個可回收再生的模式:產品及零件都設計成可拆解和再生的模式。而另一個解決辦法,也許是改變我們對於「所有權」的思維:如果我們從不真正擁有這些科技產品,而只是從製造商取得「使用權」呢?
Now, let’s put these two cycles together. Imagine if we could design products which could come back to their makers, their technical materials being reused, and their biological parts increasing agricultural value; and imagine that these products are made and transported using renewable energy. Here we have a new model that built prosperity long-term.
現在,讓我們將這兩個循環放在一起。想像一下,若我們設計出的商品能夠被製造者回收、技術性材料能夠回收、而生物性材料能夠創造出農業價值、甚至這些商品的運送過程是使用再生能源,那麼,我們就建構了一個能長期維持繁榮的新模式!
Good news is, there are already companies out there who are adopting this way of working. A circular economy isn’t about one manufacturer changing one products. It’s about all the interconnecting companies that form our infrastructure and economy coming together. It’s about energy, it’s about re-thinking the operating system itself. We have a fantastic opportunity to open new perspectives and new horizons instead of remaining trapped in the frustrations of the present. With creativity and innovation, we really can re-think and re-design our future.
好消息是,有些企業已開始轉換成這樣的思維!但循環式的經濟並不是一家工廠改變單一產品就成完成;這需要所有製造我們基礎建設與經濟的各產業上下游工廠齊心改變、連接著能源議題、並需要我們重新思考我們的生產模式。如今,我們有個絕佳的機會展開新的視野、而非被眼前的沮喪給困住.擁有創意和創新思維的我們,確實能重新思考並重新設計我們的未來!
來源 > 撰稿及翻譯:劉耘 | 影片:Re-Thinking Progress: The Circular Economy